在改寫或(huò)簡化狀語從句時,什麽情況下用獨立主格結構,什麽情況下用分詞短語,如何區分?如何判斷?如(rú)何使(shǐ)用?
(A)
主從主(zhǔ)語皆相同, 分詞短語作狀(zhuàng)語,
連詞從主應省去。 主從(cóng)主語如不同(tóng),
獨立主格(gé)作狀語, 從主不省要牢記。
例句:
1)When she heard the good news,she couldn’t helplaughing.
2)If time permits,I’ll dance with you.
上兩句可改為:①Hearing the good news,she couldn’thelp laughing.
當主句主語和從句主語是相同的人或物時,我們可以用分詞短語來(lái)代替從(cóng)句,將原來從句中的連詞和主語省去。例1)中主(zhǔ)句和從句的主語都是she,是相同的,故可用分詞短(duǎn)語來代替(tì)從句。
例2)可改成:
Time permitting,I’ll dance with you.
很明顯,當(dāng)主句的主語和從句的主語不同,不是同一人(rén)或物時,我們可用獨立(lì)主格來代替從句。從句的連詞省去。原來從(cóng)句中與主句不一致的主語(yǔ)保留(liú),作為獨立主格的邏輯主(zhǔ)語(yǔ)。例2)中從句的主語(yǔ)是time與(yǔ)主語I不同,故(gù)用獨立主語。
(B)
主動語態用ing,被(bèi)動語態用ed。
主動語態的從句,用現在分詞短語代替,常常位於句首。如:They didn’t go to the Summer Palace because they had alot of work to do.
轉換為(wéi):Having a lot of work to do,they didn’t go to theSummer Palace.
被動語態的從句,用過去分詞(cí)短語代替,一般置於句首。如:
As we are led by our great Party,we have won one vic-tory after another.
轉換為:Led by our great Party,we have won one victo-ry after another.
(C)
被(bèi)動如為完(wán)成或進行,用現(xiàn)在分詞(cí)被動形式勿忘記。
1)After we had been shown the labs,we were taken tosee the library.
2)As the room was being painted,we had to stay out-side.
例1)轉換為:Having been shown the labs,we were tak-en to see the library.
例2)轉換為:The room being painted,we had to stayoutside.